Behavioral Observations of Number of Items Bought in Chain Stores

Students: Egor Karpunin, 5006119 Dominika Majcher, 5028142 Behavioral observations of Number of items bought in chain stores by consumers according to their sex Assignment for the course â€Å"Consumer Behaviour† Introduction The general purpose of our study was to define, which part of the observed buyers (male or female) tends to buy more than 1 item. According to our assumptions, women buy more items than men. This could be a result of the women’s shopping nature.Usually women going to some shopping mall to buy, for example, the presents for Christmas (or even just doing shopping for themselves) for their relatives do not set a specific goal before actually go shopping. They just find some time and then decide to visit some shop. Then being already in the shop they choose to buy anything that seems attractive or could be somehow useful for those whom they buy the present. So this so-called „shopping strategy† means that at the same time they can like a lo t of things and buy not only one (for their husband or sun) but also for their friends, colleagues etc.They can also like some additional things like jewellery for the dress that they have just decided to buy. We can’t say the same about men’s shopping. Everybody tend to think that men do not like shopping. But actually when there are some who likes it or they just have to do it to make their couple (or kid, grandmother, colleague) fell â€Å"real† Christmas (etc. ) they go to the shop with an already defined objective. As a rule it means that they had already thought through the present itself in advance and now they just want to go to specific shop and buy one. But they also can buy several items in one shop.All in all we are going to confirm or reject our assumption. | Male Customers| Female Customers| | 1 Item| 24| 10| 34| 2 or more Items| 12| 34| 46| | 36| 44| 80| Procedure Our observation was made on Friday, December 7th, 2012, between 3 o'clock and 6 oâ⠂¬â„¢clock in the afternoon. We chose the time of Christmas shopping when everybody finished their work and a lot of people went to stores located in the city center. We went to the chain stores H;M, Zara, New Yorker and Peek;Cloppenburg located at Zeil street in Frankfurt am Main offering their products to both male and female customers.We observed the main check out in every of these stores (both groups of customers buy there) – stores like these are very popular among both groups of customers. We chose the ‘Zeil’ street in Frankfurt because of wide variety of customers shopping there and their random preferences. In every store we observed first 20 customers who paid for their shopping at the main check out. Every time we stayed near the check out place and noted the sex of every client as well as number of items they bought. Results We observed 80 customers (one by one, without breaks) in described chain stores.We got 80 observations, 44 of them were women an d 36 men. In 46 cases the customers bought more than 1 item and in 34 just one product (so 57,5% customers bought at least 2 or more items). Distribution of these purchases has been shown on the graph below: The graph follows that women buy more often at least 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. To check this conclusion we computed the Chi-Square-test (the analyses have been included as an appendix at the end of the paper). We got the Actual Chi-Square value on the level 15. 4. The Critical Chi-Square value with 1 degree of freedom and p-value 0. 05 is 3. 84. We compared Actual 2 with the Critical 2 and made sure that the given Actual Chi-Square value is bigger than the Critical one (15. 64 ; 3. 84). This means that women buy more often at least 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. Conclusions (Egor) According to the results of the observation our initial assumption that women tend to buy 2 or more items in the stores while shopping, whether men tend more often to by only 1 item, is right.As the observation took part on Friday (end of the working week actually) from our point of view the results could differ the other day from that we have now, but the difference would not be so significant that could refuse our initial hypothesis. The location (the place where we made the observation) change also would not change the results. The prerequisite of our observation is to look at behavior of people in chain stores, so it does not really matter for the final result whether to collect out observations in the shops at Zeil Street or in Nordwestzentrum shopping mall.Our survey could also be useful for marketers of the shops where the observation took place. For instance, if women tend to buy more than 1 item in a shop like H;M, Zara etc. , then chain stores should make some combinations of matching product, offer some additional accessories or just a pack of few clothes for a bit lower price(for example, skirt + blouse). So when wo men can get this ability to buy something more than just 1 thing that they chose, this ability can be used and they would make their choice into buying additional jewellery for their new dress or buying skirt+blouse together than buying only one item of clothes.Appendix 1. Collected data | Male| Female| Row| 1 item| 24| 10| 34| 2 or more items| 12| 34| 46| Column| 36| 44| 80| Hypothesis 0: Men buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than women. Hypothesis 1: Women buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. 2. Actual 2 2 = (Observed Cell Frequency – Expected Cell Frequency)2/Expected Cell Frequency} Expected Cell Frequency| | | | | Row 1| (24+10)/80 | 0. 425| | Column 1| (24+12)/80 | 0. 45| Row 2| (12+34)/80 | 0. 575| | Column 2| (10+34)/80| 0. 55| Row 1 Prob x Column 1 Prob =| 0. 91| Row 1 Prob x Column 2 Prob =| 0. 234| Row 2 Prob x Column 1 Prob =| 0. 259| Row 2 Prob x Column 2 Prob =| 0. 316| 0. 191 * 80 = | 0. 234 * 80 =| 0. 259 * 80 =| 0. 316 * 80 =| 15. 3| 18. 7| 20. 7| 25. 3| Actual 2 = (24-15. 3)^2/15. 3+(10-18. 7)^2/18. 7+(12-20. 7)^2/20. 7+(34-25. 3)^2/25. 3 3. Actual 2 vs. Critical 2 Actual 2 = 15. 64 Critical 2 = 3. 84 (1 d. f. , p-value 0. 05) 3. 84 ; 15. 64 =; Critical 2 ; Actual 2 Conclusion: The hypothesis 1 is true. Women buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men.

Cloud computing Essay

In the past a few years, the rapid advances in technology had brought us more challenges in adopting emerging technologies and pedagogies in our teaching and learning environment. As our school is committed to developing, implementing, and maintaining quality education programs, it becomes imperative to utilize updated technology to address the changing demand of students. However, the cost and time to develop the information, software, and resources is too high for us. Facing the high cost of providing computing infrastructure and software by traditional independent software vendors, I have examined the possibility of deploying a private cloud computing system in our school to help cut down our technology expense, and the implementation is feasible. Nowadays, all types of organizations are trending toward cloud computing. It reflects the ability of having access to information, software, and computing resource infrastructure without necessarily having to own them. By deploying cloud computing, it will allow students to personalize their environments in which they learn, help cut down our expense on IT management cost, and provide greater flexibility in maintaining security, reliability and compliance. Overall, the cloud computing can be a strong tool in enhancing our teaching and learning. Please allow me to discuss different aspects of cloud computing: * What is private cloud computing * How to implement private cloud computing system * What are advantages of private cloud computing What is private cloud computing Definition of cloud computing The term â€Å"cloud† implies an idea that users are able to access applications from any location in the world. Cloud computing is defined as a collection of disembodied services accessible from anywhere using any mobile device that has access to the Internet (Mondal 2009). In other words, cloud computing is an application service that is like e-mail and uses ubiquitous resources that can be shared by many students at the same time. To be more specific, in contrast to traditional computing that access data and run through software locally, cloud computing store data in a data center rather than in the client’s computer. Also, instead of installing a suite of software for each computer, cloud computing allows users to load only one web-based application that hosts all the programs the user would need for work (see figure below). Figure: How does cloud computing work Examples of cloud computing For example, someone accesses email through a web-based email service (such as Google’s Gmail) does not need to run an email program or store messages locally. Instead, both the application and the underlying data are hosted in Google’s data center. A similar distinction can be drawn between an end user running a traditional word processing application, such as Microsoft Word, and another end user using a cloud based application, such as Google Docs (Thomas 2011). Concept of private cloud computing In terms of private cloud computing, it refers as internal cloud, which is developed and provided only for a single organization. By having a private cloud, an organization will have a full control over data and security. Besides, a private cloud will provide students and staff with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run service workloads within the administrative domain (Wang 2011). How to implement private cloud computing system Cloud service provider needed In order to run a private cloud computing system, we need to have a cloud service provider to support the network facilities. Independent software vendors supply the computer and operating system resources that can be accessed via the Internet (Katzan 2010). There are a number of software vendors that provide customized cloud service. Once the operating system of cloud computing is set up, students and faculties will share the software together and achieve significant economy of scale. Potential software vendor: Unisys One software vendor candidate is Unisys, which is a worldwide information technology company. They provide a portfolio of IT services, software, and technology that solve critical problems for clients. Also, they have a competitive advantage in specializing in helping clients secure their operations, increase the efficiency and utilization of their data centers, enhance support to their end users and constituents, and modernize their enterprise applications. In January 2012, Unisys helped California Sate University deploy a private cloud solution to streamline services to students and administrators. What are advantages of private cloud computing Decreased implementation cost Since cloud environment does not reside in a capital facility, there is a substantial saving of the time and space. Also, it provides users access only to the resources they need for a particular task. This prevents them from paying for idle computing resources. Besides, there are competing providers for this service and an organization can always shift its business to another company offering better service or lower price. In terms of statistics, we spend $6,000 per month to update software, maintain our computer lab, and pay our employees. However, implementing a cloud computing with a constructing price of $2800 will incur a cost as low as $249 per month (Hinchcliffe 2009). Increased flexibility With cloud computing, students can get access to learning tools with flexible operating platforms, and many students can obtain the same resources at the same time. Therefore, it encourages students to work collaboratively with their classmates and teachers and share their work with each other without a restriction of location. Also, cloud computing helps create a more open and responsive learning environment for students. User friendly Cloud Computing enables students to access various computing resources simply, including computing cycles, storage space, programming environments and software applications (Dothang 2010). As everything is stored on the Internet, no configuration or backup is needed. All a user needs is only a device and Internet access. Significant workload shift Cloud vendors have vast data centers full of tens of thousands of server computers, offering computing power and storage of a magnitude never available before. In other words, cloud computing promises virtually unlimited resources. Besides, it does not require the business to deal with installation, upgrade, maintenance, and staff training which eliminates a significant amount of workload.

Aristotles concept of justice Essay Example for Free

Aristotle’s concept of justice Essay In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. However, in order to explain the statement that justice can only be found in the laws established by the state I would like to point out the last two types of justice and the notion of equity Aristotle refers to in his book. The first is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies and there is the notion of equity that works in unusual cases. With understanding these three concepts we can reach to the conclusion that according to Aristotle justice can not only be found in the laws established by the state and he is right in claiming such an idea. Anyone who is a virtuous person can also be just. But not everyone who is just is also virtuous. Would you consider someone who kills the murderer of his wife a murderer? Would you put him in the same position as Jack the Ripper? Do you think justice is protected by the law? Is it just to stone adulteresses to death even if it complies with the law? Which law is just and which is not? What are the criteria? Are the laws of the state enough to maintain justice?Such questions can be boosted up to thousands if one starts to think about justice, itsconnotations and the relation between justice and law. The debate is a long-lasting one. In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. There is particular justice, distributive justice, reciprocal justice, political and social justice, domestic justice, natural and conventional justice. I would like to point out the last two types of justice in order to understand Aristotle’s idea of law and justice relation in a state. According to Aristotle, there is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies. Natural justice is the kind of justice that can be applied to every human being regardless of nation, race, religion, etc. It has the same validity everywhere and do not depend on acceptance. Aristotle argues that â€Å"the things which are not just by nature but by human enactment are not everywhere the same, since constitutions are not the same, though there is  by one which is everywhere by nature the best† (124). Accordingly, the conventional justice is set by the society and in some cases by the rulers of the society. However, Aristotle suggests that, for the laws established by the state, a law can be just whether it is for the advantage of the law makers or the rulers or the dominant class. In The Nichomachean Ethics, he says that â€Å"the laws†¦on all subjects aim at the common advantage either of all or of the best or of those who hold power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (108). He adds that every kind of conventional justice is created in one way from the natural justice and it is normal that they may differ from one society to another. For instance it is by the law to drive on a certain side in Turkey and in Britain people drive on the other side of the road. Both laws are created to maintain justice and order. However there are laws which are created by the state such as the law that women have to wear veils which seems to us not just but what is important to Aristotle is not what we think but how that society with that particular law is affected. As long as the law works for the society, regardless of its rightness, it maintains justice. Let’s give an example, at the times of Roman Empire the gladiators fight with each other or with lions, they know that they are going to die at the arena but they do not show any fear, they fight with their honors and they die with an honorable death. Mentioning that laws are created to be functional, to stabilize and control the society, Aristotle talks about the â€Å"equitable justice† in which he stresses that there are cases in which the universal law or justice does not suit to the case in hand. He suggests that laws guide people in the direction of justice but they do not encompass all the cases about justice or injustice. In such conditions he suggests that the judge interferes and corrects â€Å"the law where it is defective owing to its universality† (133). Equity means the correction of the law when it is too abstract for the situation in hand. Aristotle here suggests that the judge or the legislator should find the balance and give the right decision in such situations. Taking these ideas into consideration, according to Aristotle, the laws of  the state are enough to maintain justice for their people only to a certain extent because in some cases the decision making authority is not the law but the jud ge. I think Aristotle is right in making such a claim because of many reasons. First of all, if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is tooabstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Furthermore, if there arecases in which the law does not work, we can not say that the laws established by the state maintain the justice at all times unless we see the starting argument as a generalization. However it is also not possible to know the qualities of the judge whether he is biased toward the case that he balances with the law. Accordingly there may be some cases in which justice may not be maintained because of the origin (in Aristotle’s words â€Å"universality†) of the law does not cover the case or because of the judge’s personal qualities. Consequently if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is too abstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Aristotle’s concept of justice. (2016, Jul 25).

Organizations That Impact Mining Industry Essay - 1

Organizations That Impact Mining Industry - Essay Example safety and health administration), SME (Society of Mining Industry), NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health), NMA (National Mining association), EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the Sierra Club. This paper will focus on how these institutes operate and the significance of these institutes for the mining industry (Woodard 416). The purpose of MSHA is to ensure and protect the miners’ of USA and the community from injuries, diseases and deaths caused due to mining activities. According to Mine Act, the function of the MSHA is to evaluate surface mines for twice a year and underground mines for four times each annum. This survey is conducted by the surveyors of the MSHA, they conduct this survey to ensure that the mines are developed in accordance to the guidelines provided by the Mine Act and the mine owners and managers are complying with the standards proposed by the mine Act. The Act further requires the inspectors of MSHA to issue an order to the operators of the mine in case of non-compliance with the Mine Act (MSHA, 2012). SME comprises of eight different divisions and each division is created to serve in the best interest of the members of SME. Members of these divisions include students as well as professional engineers. The function of SME is to bring advancement to the community of minerals with the assistance of sharing information and developing professionals. SME itself is a member organization of American Institute of Mining which was created during the era of 1871 by a small number of coal miners. SME provides information to its members and takes part in the development of its members by providing them with technical peer reviewed journal articles, hosting seminars, accrediting colleges and providing education to the common public. Students of the engineering field can benefit through SME in several ways (SME, 2012). They have to pay discounted price to become a member of the organization and with this membership they

Audit Reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Audit Reports - Essay Example Audit Report on financial statements of an entity is normally an independent auditor's report. Internal auditors also submit reports on assessment of internal controls installed by entities voluntarily or as statutory compliances. Audit report carries the results of audit examination conducted with in a framework in shape of opinion formed by auditors on such audit examinations. Auditing opinions formed and conveyed through audit reporting may be classified into four categories, namely an unqualified opinion, a qualified opinion, adverse Opinion, and disclaimer of an opinion. Unqualified Opinion expresses that financial statements are presented in accordance with requirement of GAAP. A qualified opinion conveys that financial statements present the financial position, financial results, and cash flow of the entity of the prescribed period in accordance with GAAP except for the matter or matters on which the report is qualified. Adverse Opinion on an audit report is provided when the financial statements do not present financial position, financial results and cash flows in accordance with applicable GAAP. Reports containing adverse opinion are issued when there are material departures from applicable GAAP in the presentations of financial statements. Some time an auditor is not in a position to form an opinion on the financial statement presentations. ... Objectives of Audit Reports Audit reports are medium of communication of results and findings of an examination or audit conducted under certain established framework. Under financial audit reporting auditor is concerned with forming an opinion on the financial statements and therefore independent audit report becomes an important medium for communicating that opinion to the shareholders or to the owners of the entity. This opinion of the auditor serves a variety of objectives of the audit function undertaken voluntarily or as compliance of a legal requirement. Some of these objectives are stated as under: Audit reports coveys the misstatements or deficiencies in the compiled financial statements showing the performance for a fiscal period and financial status on a particular date of an entity. That is to say the objective of audit reporting is to bring those deficiencies to the fore for the observance of the users of financial statements and helping them in taking their investing or other decisions respecting the entity involved. Audits are undertaken to bring improvement and fairness in reporting the results of operations to the shareholders or owners of the entity. Audit report, being the final function of auditing, is a tool to highlight the areas needing specific attention of the management for the improvement so that true and fair financial statements are presented to the users of such financial statements. Audit report serves variety of management and operational objectives as well.'A variety of individuals will use audit reports for a variety of purposes. Executive management will typically use an audit report to gain an insight to the overall status of

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Essay Example According to D'Amico and Barbarito (2012), health history is a way of obtaining information about patients’ health based on their own words and perceptions. P.W’s case requires a health history assessment that would help in evaluating the cause of her health condition. In evaluating her health history, interviewing her about the family’s past and present health history would help to understand the nature of her condition and diagnose effective lifestyle measures. In addition, the physical examination would help in studying underlying physical symptoms presented by the patient and enhance accurate diagnosis (Brashers, 2006).  According to D'Amico and Barbarito (2012), health history is a way of obtaining information about patients’ health based on their own words and perceptions. P.W’s case requires a health history assessment that would help in evaluating the cause of her health condition. In evaluating her health history, interviewing her about t he family’s past and present health history would help to understand the nature of her condition and diagnose effective lifestyle measures. In addition, the physical examination would help in studying underlying physical symptoms presented by the patient and enhance accurate diagnosis (Brashers, 2006).  For effective diagnosis, I would:†¢ Ask P.W questions about her past health and take the history specifically for patterns associated with menstruation, obesity, breast development and hirsutism.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Conduct a physical examination through inspection methods. This would involve conducting gynecologic ultrasonography that would help in identifying small ovarian follicles that disturb ovarian functions with failed ovulation.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Measure blood pressure level, waist size, and body mass index. I would also inspect the skin for any increased hair growth. This would help in determining the effects on hormonal imbalances on hair growth or changes of the skin textur e.  For P.W to manage her condition, I would recommend the following:†¢ Birth control pills would help in controlling menstrual cycles, clearing acne as well as reducing hormone levels.  

Comparison & Contrast on Romanticism and Realism literary movements Essay

Comparison & Contrast on Romanticism and Realism literary movements - Essay Example Consequently, as industrial revolution progressed, these poor working conditions raised a lot of concerns and people started to advocate for changes. Artists and writers were amongst the people who were championing for the changes (Dahiya 4). They responded to these conditions in many different ways and as a result, romanticism and realism artistic movements emerged. Romanticism movement originated from Europe in the mid of the 18th century and was concerned with emotions and imagination (Morris, 169). It opposed aristocratic social and political ideologies of the age of enlightenment and the scientific rationalization of nature (Mendelowitz 153). Romanticism was highly centered on visual arts, literature and music but had greater impacts education and natural history (Morris, 49). During the 18th century, romanticism was common and popular (Reynolds 81). However, in the second half of 19th century it lost its popularity and was overtaken by realism movement. Realism movement was bas ed on real life and unlike their immediate predecessors (romantics), the practitioners of realism sought to portray real life, both good and bad. They were far more interested in science and in civilization, and far less interested in nature and the occult. Realists, like Romantics, were very moral writers, but moral causes changed with the times as new conditions dictated new issues (Richardson 56). Both romanticism and realism gathered a lot of fame during the era of industrial revolution. However, it was realism that was more popular from mid 1800s on. Romanticism only dominated from mid 1700s to the mid 1800s (Dahiya 4). Romanticism artists and writers put passion and emotions in their work. The works created by these writers and artists often dealt with themes that bring hope and inspiration or reflected nature’s beauty (Ferber 15). The works were always based on nationalism, spirituality and mankind. The works of the romantic artists gave the people an escape from the p roblems and challenges that they faced during the industrial revolution (Reynolds 111). The works of literature that are usually associated with this movement are the poems of William Wordsworth and William Blake. Other works include Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, which was a story about a scientist who tried to create human but created a monster, Alexandre Dumas’s work, The Three Musketeers and Victor Hugo’s novel, The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Richardson 67). The works of realists were based on real life. The art and literature developed or made by realists exposed life as it was. They clearly pointed out the difficult living and working conditions that were eminent during the era of industrial revolution. Most of the writers and artists of realism were activists who used their works to reveal the evils of society in the hope that they would be reformed. Realists had hopes that their works would bring inspiration to the politicians and other people in powe r thus enable them make lasting changes in living and working conditions (Herman 11). The realists were also referred to as social critics since they used to criticize the society. In US, the realists were referred to as muckrakers since they raked the muck that was in the society. The criticism of the realist was always on specific cause such as child labor, living conditions and working conditions in industries. Realists’ literature writers created factious works but their plots were real. The most known realist author is Charles dickens who was a British

Exploring the development and scope of public health Essay

Exploring the development and scope of public health - Essay Example This research paper aims at analyzing the scope of alcoholism, and identification of ways of solving the problem through research. In the UK, various factors have been pointed to affect social health, individual wellbeing and the ultimate health of an individual. These factors include increase in chronic disease such as cancer, diabetes and obesity. The second one is about the concentration of the aged and the lone dwellers in the UK. Then finally the trend linked to smoking and alcohol abuse (Earle, 2004). The work at hand focuses on the alcohol abuse, describing the scope and nature of this social problem and including suggested research approaches to amend the situation. In the British community, consumption of alcohol is a normal practice that contributes significantly to the British economy. Many individuals take alcohol very responsibly while certain portions of the populations are also entangled by alcohol abuse (Earle & Sidell, 2007). One heard many things about the harmful consumption of alcohol and its negative impacts on the economy, the society and the individual’s health. Furthermore, abuse of alcohol has been observed to cause a variety of public health concerns including violence, poisoning, chronic diseases such as cirrhosis and certain cancers and accidents (Morgan, 2012). The effects of alcohol misuse in the society include lower economic status as a result of reduced productivity, frequent sick days and unemployment (Zuccato et al., 2008). Added to this, social harm occurs through high rate of divorce and rampant cases of domestic violence which are perpetuated by the individuals with high dependence on alcohol. Alcoholics are likely to be motivated to do crime and anti-social behaviors. All of these situations consequently result to higher burdens in the National Health System as characterized by the immediate demand for primary care linked to cases of alcohol-related-hospital admissions (Unwin, 2007) The Home Office and the

Managing ethnic diversity in British workplace Essay

Managing ethnic diversity in British workplace - Essay Example In their standards of recruitment, training, and promotion, government agencies and human services organizations have been more effective as equal opportunity employers than the private business sector. But even in government and human services agencies there is room for improvement. Many equal opportunity employers are merely paper compilers; their behavior is anything but exemplary of equality in action. If the policy of equal employment opportunity (EEO) is to apply without regard to sex, race, creed, color, or national origin, an important first step is to ascertain whether influential members of an organization harbor prejudices. Following Allison (1999) "Unlike the instrumental focus on corporate culture and productivity that characterize the functionalist perspective, critical analyses provide reflection on different types of management issues including, "epistemological issues, notions of rationality and progress, technocracy and social engineering, autonomy and control, comm unicative action, power and ideology" (78). Numerous studies conclude that a large number of minority workers receive insufficient information about their present job conditions and future opportunities. Specifically, many minority workers quit or retire from organizations without ever having understood what their supervisors diagnosed as their needs, why certain procedures were followed and, if failure resulted, what their failures consisted of and the reasons for them. The minority workers' rights include the right to courteous, prompt, and the best supervision. They have the right to know what is wrong, why, and what can be done about skill deficiencies (Konrad et al 2006). The managers could build a case of minority workers' ignorance as... Traditionally, British workplace represents a homogeneous unity consisting of British employees. Thus, globalization and immigration processes create new problems for managers. Managing ethnic diversity is one of the main problems required effective solutions and strategies to be introduced. Ethnicity and race are often confused in the United States. Equality of treatment and opportunity has been the official policy of some organizations for many years. In their standards of recruitment, training, and promotion, government agencies and human services organizations have been more effective as equal opportunity employers than the private business sector. There are two main approaches to diversity-related attitude change. Both approaches center on communication. The formal attitude-change approach is based on learning theories and assumes that people are rational, information-processing beings who can be motivated to listen to a message, hear its content, and incorporate the learnings w hen it is advantageous to do so. The means of change is formal, structured communication, and the reason for change is either actual or expected reward for embracing diversity (Konrad et al 2006). The amount of attitude change depends on employees' initial position regarding diversity, their attention to the message and to the communicator, their understanding of the message, and their acceptance of the message.

Business Analysis of Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream Dissertation

Business Analysis of Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream - Dissertation Example 4. Critical review of the existing strategy: position, alternatives and options as well as 5. Recommendations on how the existing strategy can be improved. In attaining the objectives above, the paper will undertake a review of the case study of Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream. This will provide a primary source of information and ideas. There will also be an evaluation of secondary sources to identify relevant theories and concepts that define the landscape and set the scope for the cases at hand. Question 1 What makes Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream a Successful company? In order to assess the reasons for the success of Ben and Jerry's ice cream, there is the need to conduct a SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis involves the examination of the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organisation in order to make inferences about the components of the business (Bailey, 2004 p17). Ben and Jerry's successes can be attributed primarily with how they utilised their strengths to take advantag e of opportunities. Also, they minimized their weaknesses and threats in order to navigate through tough times to be able to attain their current status. Strengths 1. A clear vision and an efficient effort to attain the vision: This led to the creation of a successful business model for Ben and Jerry's. The business model of Ben and Jerry's is so strong that it can enable the company to create numerous brands and also expand its operations to different parts of the world. The main operations in USA, Europe and Asia provide high turnover that enables the company to attain extremely high results. 2. Focus on healthy products and brands to build a strong customer base: The company has managed to build a reputation for the production of healthy products. This has caused the company to become popular amongst major customers around the globe. These brands can thus be well promoted and marketed throughout the world. 3. A strong corporate social responsibility system and environmentalism: B en and Jerry's have a strong reputation for being socially responsible. In consolidating the company, they had a policy of spending up to 7.5% of their profit before tax on corporate social responsibility (Greenfield and Cohen, 1997: Hopkins, 2004). This amounted to as much as $1.1 million annually. With such a commitment to giving back to society, Ben and Jerry's created a reputation of being a socially responsible organisation. With this feat, they could convince customers that they were more interested in the development of the society with their money than the profit motive. This boosted Ben and Jerry's Ice Creams' image and enabled them to gain a solid reputation. 4. A heavily diversified range of ice creams: Although Ben and Jerry's specialized in ice creams, they have a wide range of ice cream, frozen yoghurt and ice-cream novelties. This way, they were able to serve different customers with different brand requirements. This enabled them to continue generating revenue in all situations. This is because their range seemed to fit all potential ice cream demand. Hence, they managed to capture a large share of the market. 5. A strong network of shops: Ben and Jerry's have a strong network of shops throughout the world. They have maintained a powerful system of franchising that enables them to get entrepreneurs to invest capital in their

How you define the term ‘profit’ in terms of the changes that Hussain adopted to move one business to another Essay Example for Free

How you define the term ‘profit’ in terms of the changes that Hussain adopted to move one business to another Essay Question 8: How you define the term ‘profit’ in terms of the changes that Hussain adopted to move one business to another? The term ‘profit’ that Hussain earned when he changed from one to another business is the result of success as he willing to take chances and risks. He started from zero and his creative business minds be the ladder of sucess to him. A lot of challenge that he had faced make he became a great entrepreneur nowaday. He had struggled very much to expand his business in other word to change and overcome his miserable circumstances. We can see the ‘profit’ that Hussain gained from his small business as chocolate’s hawker to became an entreprenuer is started with his first petty step. He started the business with selling chocolate at the market for the beginning of his business is because he want help his family. As the bread earner replaced his illness father, he must search income to support basic needs of the family. He is lucky because although oman’s economy grow at thelower level those day, his small business still growing faster. But, due to the rising price index, he had difficulty to make ends meet. This difficulty had bring him to another business which gave him more profit than the profit of chocolate sale. He found a new avenues in business by started selling book. When he made a comparative analysis between the two product, chocolate and book, he realized that the percentage profit he gained by selling a book is very high than selling a chocolate. He use this good opportun ity to change his business from a chocolate hawker to become a bookseller. So, he gained more profit. From this changes, we can see the ‘profit’ that he had gained by changing the product. Then, Hussain not longer selling chocolate. He focused to the book sale. He had found a new way of a profitable business by selling book. But, he faced difficulty to bring many book everyday and return with them the next day. This situation leads him to find the alternaltive to solve this problem. Finally, he got a brilliant idea. He make a decision to convert his late father’s steel workshop where are had rented to become a bookshop. He try to convince his uncle that idea and because his sophisticated way of looking at thing differently made his uncle proud and agree with him. So, husin managed to open his own bookshop and it became the first bookshop in the village. he was the sole book seller at his village and this situation had bring him to became a sucess book seller at t he village. So, we can see the improvement that he had done by change the way  of his business from a book hawker to became an owner of bookshop. Hussain’s teacher had make he thought a new great idea. It started when his teacher gave him a mission to buy some gifts at the market. hussain brought the required gifts as his teacher order but with a cheaper price. Another teacher heard about that and asked him to do the same ones. This condition made he think that he should selling the same product as the teacher want. This idea bring him to provide products that were used as gifts such as pens, pencils, notebooks and other school’s needs. Since that, he became popular not only at his school but also in other schools. He able to explore more opportunity in businees by convinced the school to buy from his bookshop. So, from this we can see that he was success in converting the bookshop concept to became more wide concept. Hussain again change his business. He sold his bookshop with high price then he opened a new company. He established a new company for office supplies not far away from the bookshop. This is a good techniques for him as a alternative to reduce the cost at once increase the profit and income. Because the buyer of bookshop can not go through the business challenge, he failed and closed the bookshop permanently. Hussain closed the new office and reopened the bookshop. He relocated the office that he had closed in the bookshop for serving wholesale. But the bookshop still served individual customers. So, customer can buy from the bookshop and at the same time, the wholesale buyers can see the product and test them before placing order. He can reduce the cost facilitate his work. Finally, hussain succeeded to convert his bookshop into a big company for office supplies. With the new technology just entered the country made his work more easier. He started provide new office equipment suah as printers, photocopies and other related devices to the customers. Then, he became a major supplier of various stationery and office suplies. His company was developed with very advanced and he became an icon for leadership and entrepeneurial fields. We can see the high profit that hussain gained when he convert his bookshop into a big company. For the conclusion, from this case, Hussain who is the Sultanate of Oman have proved that hardship make people stronger. He proved that people can earned more profit if they are wise in taking opportunity and willingness to take risks in business.

Effects of cyber ego on morality Essay Example for Free

Effects of cyber ego on morality Essay When one is in a virtual environment for long, one soon becomes convinced that the cyber space world is the real world which is the turning point in his life after which everything turns against him. This virtual world that is mistaken to be the real world is a parallel world that one is in. the presence of one in the virtual world that is non – existent leads one to fall in a state is consciousness which is very different from the one in the real world. After this, one starts to think differently, act in a way one has never acted before and a lot of other things that soon do not make sense to him self either, but this is a fact that although one knows there is something wrong, one can not help it. (Johnson 2003) It becomes a part of one’s life and is difficult to get out of it. After being in a parallel universe that is all made up, there is different stimuli that then change and guides our behaviors. It is a journey which a lot of people find interesting. On their journey to no where, when they are entering the virtual world, they take along the best ethics that their religion could teach them, wonderful morals that they learnt from their parents since they were kids and the cultural ethics that they grew in since they were kids; all that is with them when they are entering the virtual world, but it is ironic that when they come out of it for something they are completely different. (Pritchard 2000) One is a completely different individual which some how loses all its values that were taught to him or her during their life span and all the ethics and morals that they learned while they were in school and all that goes deep down the drain. How the virtual world affects our culture, values, morals, ethics and perception of which we are and of what the world is, changes; is what we will be discussing through out this report. (Ess 2006) When one enters a virtual environment, it is a battle of what is real and what one has left behind. This is where one’s cyber ego comes into picture. Cyber ego is primarily what a person thinks of one self in a virtual environment. There is no doubt that there is a lot of artificial intelligence involved in the so called virtual environment that one enters in, but there is a problem of cyber ego that makes many individuals question themselves before entering an environment as such. The moral values are lost. This is not only true but has been experienced by many people who have made a mistake of entering a virtual environment. Talking to different people, people that one is not aware of as ever even existing before they started talking in the cyber world, it changes one’s attitude and the stimuli that one guided the person’s perception and state of emotion; this all mutate and make the individual a different person, for all wrong reasons. (Schultz 2005) There are a lot of things that have an impact on our morals and ethics. For example, the more time one spends on it, the more aggressive one gets. This aggressiveness can be because one can no more differentiate between the real world that one lives in and the virtual world that one is in most of the time of the day. This aggressiveness adds to the change in one’s attitude and hence personality. (Ess 2006) The changes in one’s attitude and personality all depends on how much one might be engrossed in cyber ego. How much one would want oneself to be a part of the virtual environment and adopt cyber ego is the question that will also answer how much a person changes and becomes a truly different person that one was not. It is the difference of decisions that one makes that leads one towards developing a cyber ego being unhealthy to an extent that it would drive the life long morals and ethics out of the person and make one a totally different person. Having this said, it is of utter concern of as to how the changes take place. Some claim that the fact that hours and hours of the week are spent in front of the computer screens being in a world that is non existent. Having a personality that is not the personality the person has in the real world, and faking that personality to be the real one; if so is done for hours, every single day of the week for months or even years, yes there will be a drastic change in what one believes and what one perceives. (George 2003)

Rabbit Proof Fence Film Analysis

Rabbit Proof Fence Film Analysis Mahealani Subad When watching films that are based on true stories, the storyline is more sentimental to the audience as they realise that an individuals life is being presented to them. The movie, Rabbit-Proof Fence (Noyce et al. 2003), is based upon the lives of three mixed-race Australian Indigenous girls who were taken from their families and placed in a camp called the Moore River Native Settlement in 1931. Knowing that the interpretation from non-Indigenous people may lead towards the misrepresentations of Indigenous culture, Rabbit-Proof Fence captures the realities of the mistreatment Indigenous people throughout history. The film also captures the identity of indigenous people as the filmmakers took careful consideration into producing the film, such as casting Australian Indigenous actors and being mindful of the storyline they are telling throughout the film. In the beginning of the film, the filmmakers presented brief information about an act made in Australia called the Aborigines Act of 1905 (Noyce et al. 2003). The Aborigines Act 1905 allowed for the government to authorize forcible removal of aboriginal or half-caste children for beneficial reasons such as to provide protection and/or care (Aborigines Act 1905). As the film continues, the three young female protagonists Molly, Daisy, and Gracie are seen interacting with their family speaking in their native language, Marduwangka (Quin 2002). However, the government has authorized for the removal of the girls and are to be placed in Moore River Native Settlement. In the scene where the girls are taken away by their mother and grandmother had a very emotional impact, especially on myself. The emotions on the mother and grandmothers face is heart breaking as they plead for the officer not to take them. However, what made it emotional for myself is seeing the mother trying to run after t he girls when they are driven away from their home, mourning the loss of their children as they lay on the ground crying, while the grandmother shows emotion of remorse and blame as she is seen hitting herself on the head with a rock. The impact of witnessing the government forcibly removing Indigenous children being taken away taken away from their family, it creates a new perspective for an audience to view Indigenous culture as it brought attention to viewers of the realities of the treatment Indigenous people struggled through during this time period. Addition to capturing the realities of the mistreatment Indigenous people experienced, the production of the film made an impression that allowed Indigenous identity to be shown. The films storyline was inspired and based on the novel, Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence, written by Doris Pilkington, in which, was based on Pilkingtons mother, Molly Kelly, who had escaped Moore River Native Settlement, along with her sister Daisy and cousin Gracie, who had walked over 40 miles to return home (Quin 2002). As Pilkington published her mothers story and production for the film had began, the screenwriter, Christine Olsen, and director, Phillip Noyce, had done intensive research and work to produce the story of properly. The screen writing process became a collaboration between Olsen and Pilkington, as Olsen traveled to Jigalong with Pilkington who introduced her to Molly and Daisy in attempt to perfect the script in order to tell their story correctly (Quin 2002). As for directing, Olsen wanted Noyce to direct her screenplay as one film in particular that Noyce directed called, Backroads, caught her attention, in which, she stated, [H]e treated the Aboriginal people as people, nothing more, nothing less (Quin 2002). This quote and Olsens research into attempting to perfect the script stood out in my opinion as they took into consideration of how the community of Indigenous people felt when producing this film. Unlike film production such as The Ridiculous Six, in which, insulted Indigenous actors from the misinterpretations of Apache culture (Shilling 20115). Although the film was to be a satirical comedy, the filmmakers ignored the actors concerns for the offensive jokes stating, If you guys are so sensitive, you should leave (Shilling 2015). In producing a film that presents a culture, whether if it is Indigenous culture or not, there must be a collaboration between the filmmakers and a representative of someone from that culture to gain an accurate presentation of the culture. Misrepresentations of cultures can lead into stereotyping the culture as that is what is being portrayed to audiences who have no prior knowledge of the culture being portrayed to them. With the film facing the realities of the mistreatment Indigenous people experienced to collaborating with the Indigenous community to present this film, Rabbit-Proof Fence, I believe was a well represented film that brought up an issue within history that many people did not know of. In comparison to Canadian Indigenous people, the Aborigine Act 1905 resembled a law in Canada that allowed the Canadian government to establish the Indian Residential School System to force Indigenous families to send their children to these schools in order to civilize the children into Canadian society (Elias et al. 2012). Although Rabbit-Proof Fence depicted a successful escape made by Molly and her sister from Moore River Settlement, the realities of removing Indigenous children from their families had a traumatic experience. For those who were residential school survivors, they had formed a legacy of alcohol and drug abuse problems, feelings of hopelessness, dependency, isolation, low self-esteem, suicide behaviours, prostitution, gambling, homelessness, sexual abuse, and violence (Elias et al. 2012). Knowledge of the residential schools in Canada are not taught or exposed as it is apart of history that the Canadian government is trying to diminish. For which, in my opinion, the government should require the school curriculum to teach about indigenous studies and the history about them to have future generation know of the real representations of Indigenous people and their culture, instead of learning from stereotypes through different forms of media. Bibliography Aborigines Act 1905 (1906 1964). Aborigines Act 1905 Legislation Find Connect Western Australia. Accessed January 25, 2017. https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/ref/wa/biogs/WE00406b.htm. Elias, Mignone, Hall, Hong, Hart, and Sareen. Trauma and Suicide Behaviour Histories among a Canadian Indigenous Population: An Empirical Exploration of the Potential Role of Canadas Residential School System. Social Science Medicine 74, no. 10 (2012): 1560-569. Noyce, Phillip, Christine Olsen, John Winter, Everlyn Sampi, Tianna Sansbury, Laura Monaghan, Gulpilil, et al. 2003. Rabbit-Proof Fence. [United States]: Miramax Home Entertainment. Pilkington, Doris. Follow the rabbit-proof fence. St. Lucia, Qld.: University of Queensland Press, 1996. Quin, Karl. Mollys Story. The Koori History Project. February 17, 2002. Accessed January 25, 2017. http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/resources/film/sunage17feb02.html. Schilling, Vincent. Native Actors Walk Off Set of Adam Sandler Movie After Insults to Women, Elders. Indian Country Media Network. April 23, 2015. Accessed January 29, 2017. https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/culture/arts-entertainment/native-actors-walk-off-set-of-adam-sandler-movie-after-insults-to-women-elders/.

Explain Different Religious teachings on Life After Death :: essays research papers fc

Over two thousand years ago Saint Tiruvalluvar wrote that "Death is like falling asleep, and birth is like awakening from that sleep." The early Hindu’s did not believe in Heaven, nor did they ascribe to such desire. Their early teachings were that they would be reunited with Mother Nature. There was no yearning to live eternally – their prayers were for a healthy life. The notion of reincarnation and Heaven evolved over time. In the Hindu religion, righteousness and to be without sin is of paramount importance. They are the determining factors whether one goes to Heaven or Hell. The Hindu’s teach, â€Å"As it does and as it acts, so it becomes: The doer of good becomes good, and the doer of evil becomes evil†¦" Hindus moved onto believe in a cyclical time span. This means they believe people don not live and die just once but are reborn a number of times before reaching their final state. Hindus believe that after death the soul is reborn in this world to live a new life. What the person and into which caste they are reborn into is decided by there karma. Karma will try to increase their goof karma by keeping dharma which is their duty to the Gods. The process of being born growing, dying and being reborn is called samsara. It is the goal of every Hindu to be freed from this cycle in order to be in the presence of God or become on with God. The idea of reincarnation derives from the Bhagavad-Gita. There are three four verses imparticular, the first one talk about the soul not ever being born or dying that it is always alive and it is therefore the body which dies. â€Å"It (the self) is not born, and It does not die; nor is it ever that this One having been nonexistent becomes existent again. This One is birthless, eternal, undecaying, ancient; It is not killed when the body is killed.† - Gita Ch. 2 Verse 20 The second verse related to reincarnation states â€Å"As after rejecting (discarding) worn-out clothes a man takes up other new ones (clothes), likewise after rejecting worn-out bodies the embodied one (soul) duly attains new ones.† -Gita Ch.2 Verse 22. As if when the body is worn and grow as much as it can, the soul moves on. The third verse discusses that fact the reincarnation is a certainty.

Sexual Harassment is NOT Tolerable Essay -- Sexual Harassment in the Wo

According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) sexual harassment can be defined as unwelcome sexual advances, wishes for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct clearly or completely affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work routine or creates a threatening, antagonistic or unpleasant work environment (EEOC, 2002). The victim or harasser can either be a man or a woman, and sexual harassment is not always targeted to members of the opposite sex. Sufferers of sexual harassment in the place of work can be subject to fear or anxiety, lower efficiency, a higher level of stress and substance abuse (EEOC, 2002). Quid pro quo harassment is when employment or employment decisions for an employee are based on that employees’ reception or dismissal of unwanted sexual behavior (EEOC, 2002). An example cited by Paul is that of Valerie Craig, an employee of Y & Y Snacks, Inc. She had joined some co-workers and her supervisor for drinks after work one day in July of 1978. Her supervisor drove her home and anticipated that they become more intimately familiar. She refused his request for sexual relations, upon which she was fired after ten days from the incident. She soon filed a complaint of sexual harassment with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and the case wound its way through the courts. Craig won, the company was held accountable for damages, and she received back pay, return to work, and an order barring Y & Y from taking negative action against her in the future (Paul, 1998). Sexual harassment in the workplace is not tolerable in spite of the powe... ...d need for an understanding of behaviors, legal environment, social context and educational systems, which exist in the countries in which modern organizations operate. The outcome of this effort should be the development of not only a pluralistic organization, but also one with a multicultural workforce from the top ranks all the way to lowest ranks (UMC, 2007). Works Cited EEOC, E. E. (2002). Facts about sexual harrasment. available at http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html retrieved on 31-10-11 at 12:00 am. Goodman, E. (1991). The Reasonable Woman Standard. Boston Globe. Paul, E. F. (1998). Bared Buttocks and Federal Cases. Society , 352-355. UMC, U. o.-C. (2007). Power And Sexual Harassment -- Men And Women See Things Differently. Science Daily available at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/04/070403184604.htm retrieved on 1-11-11 at 7:00 am.

Is Flag Burning protected under the First Amendment? :: Persuasive, Exemplification Essay

Is Flag Burning protected under the First Amendment?          There is a proposed amendment to make flag burning illegal. Congress tried to pass the Flag Protection Act of 1989, but the act failed because it is seen as a form of public protection.   There have been other attempts to pass legislation to protect the American flag but all of the attempts have failed so far.    Flag burning is very controversial because people have different definitions of what â€Å"freedom of speech† means and what our flag stands for. This essay explores these definitions from the proponent’s viewpoint for a law protecting the flag and the opponents view point against such a law. The most debated question being asked at this time is:   is flag burning protected under the First Amendment guaranteeing the freedom of speech? It all depends on how a person defines the flag and interprets the First Amendment.    In order to help answer this question let’s being by defining what a flag is. The proponents (veterans, Citizens Flag Alliance, and other organizations of this type) of the amendment for protection of the flag define the flag as a â€Å"cultural artifact with meaning significance, and usage determined by the particular system employing it (Guenter 18).† Some flag historians have recognized the impact of culture on the shifting significance and usage of the national banner, although no one has ventured a full-scale probe of the subject (Guenter 16). The flag in the beginning was a symbol of freedom and enlightenment. The flag design has even changed. The very first flag contained thirteen stars that were in a circle with the red and white stripes. As the nation grew so did the flag, until the flag became what we know of it today.    The proponents also feel that, the flag should never be used for advertising purposes in any manner whatsoever (www.legion.org/flagcode.htm). It should not be embroidered on such articles as cushions or handkerchiefs and the like, printed or otherwise impressed on paper napkin or boxes or anything that is designed for temporary use and discard (www.legion.org/flagcode.htm). Advertising signs should not be fastened to a staff or halyard from which the flag is flown. No part of the flag should ever be used as a costume or athletic uniform (www.legion.org/falgcode.htm).      However, a flag patch may be affixed to the uniform of military personnel, firemen, policemen, and members of patriotic organizations.

Rolls Royce

Executive Summary Purpose Set a management plan that can make Rolls Royce become more competitive and effective under the global economy background Scope Management and the four new plans of Roll- Royce Company Main points discussed †¢ Organization structure ? The traditional hierarchical structure: advantages & disadvantages ? Suggestion: make a new structure & strength †¢ Organization culture ? Analysis values, norms and artefacts & examples ? Suggestions in changing organization culture †¢ Change management 1. Likely reasons for resistance to change Uncertainty and insecurity to change ? Threat to status and skill 2. Likely reasons for resistance to change ? Motivate all levels of employees ? Strengthen the education and communication †¢ Other relevant factors ? Financial report and budgetary control is essential for the plans ? Managing marketing is also very import to get the global marketing Conclusions Rolls-Royce could get huge of profits if they change th e organization and management which we suggest under the current situation. Recommendations Mission: design a change management planObjective: To design a plan in term of analyzing current organization structure, culture in light of the recent changes in the global economy. Introduction Background: In 1904, Charles Rolls and F. Henry Royce decided to create a company in England together which the name called â€Å"Rolls Royce†. The company was mainly producing engines and luxury cars. In 1906, they produced Silver Ghost and then, they became the best car company. During the First World War, Rolls Royce produced a new aero-engine that supplied important power to allies.Therefore, they became a successful airplane company. (T. A. Heppenheimer, 2008) Recently, Rolls Royce announced to invest ? 300m to open 4 factories about nuclear power and aero-technology and It may also create 800 jobs. (Guardian, 28 July, 2009) Purpose of report: The purpose of this report will introduce a m anagement plan which includes organization structure, organization culture, changing management and other relevant factors to ensure Rolls Royce become more effective and successful, especially under the recent changes in global economy. Organization structure Current structure:Organization structure is the way in which it divides its labor into distinct tasks and then achieves coordination among them. (David Boddy, 4th, P319) †¢ Rolls-Royce uses a hierarchical structure to manage the company. †¢ It belongs to a pyramidal structure and there are a lot of layers between the top and the bottom in the company. †¢ Each division has managers for supervision and the staff in each division needs to follow the manager’s decision. †¢ Advantage of hierarchical organization is that employees know their objectives clearly in their job task and carry out efficiently.Furthermore, every staff specialize their job. Suggestions for changing in structure: In order to adapt to the global markets as well as maintaining the existing strengths, managers constantly need to find a variety of creative ways to build and arrange the work of the organization, and try to take actions in response to the demands of customers, employees and other stakeholders. Finally, managers are determined to create a leaner and more agile support structure. (Times online, 11 Jan 2008) It is the matrix structure that is highly fluid and flexible.Without the division of functions and rigid hierarchy, decision-making and action-taking slowly are avoided. Organization Culture Current culture: General speaking, organizational culture is the personality of the organization and it is divided into the value, norm and artefact. (Carter Mc, 2000) †¢ David L. Goetsch and Stanley B. Davis points at that value are explained as what the organization thinks is important. (David and Stanley. 2003, P. 153) †¢ The second one is norms which is a kind of intangible behavior and informal way to guide people how to do. (David, B. 2008) Suggestions for changing in culture: We think that Rolls-Royce need to change a minority of organization culture although its culture is good in terms of many evidences from many resources. Rolls-Royce should pay more attention to other sections because the majority of revenue is from service and many sections have not get high revenue, such as energy, marine, defence and civil. (Rolls Royce: The half-year report 2009 presentation, 2009) Change management Likely reasons for resistance to change: †¢ Uncertainty and insecurity to change ? It will cause the resistance if the change threats the personal status. Prentice Hall, 2002) With the change progressing, some of the employees will be promoted; however, part of the position of employees will be reduced. Obviously, this part of staffs is more likely to resist change. ? For skills, the organizational change often accompanies the change of skills. Such as nuclear technique, for inst ance, nuclear technique is new skills to English people, so people have to learn more skills to adapt the work, which will also cause the resistance. Likely precautions taken to run change smoothly: †¢ Motivate all levels of employees †¢ Strengthen the education and communicationThe best method to remove the sense of uncertainty of staffs is to educate and communicate with them frequently. (John P. Kotter and Leonard A. Schlesinger, 1979) Ensuring staffs get all of the information about change and inspiring their confidence to the future is the premise for staffs to accept the change. Administrator should let the staffs realize the necessity of the change and provide all of the information as much as possible. Once the staffs realize the progress of change and likely consequences, they will often help with the implementation of the change and will become the suppliers of the change but not the resisters.Other relevant factors †¢ Financial report and budgetary control Rolls-Royce announces ? 300m for UK factory plan, so it is a huge plan of the capital. In addition, government contributing ? 45m, it means that this plan integrate with government and Rolls-Royce company. However, the relationship with government is very important. Therefore, the financial report and budgetary control are essential. Because it is fundamentally important to understand the financial environment in which organizations operate. (Boddy, D. 2008) Rolls-Royce is planning to achieve ? 55. 5bn order book by the four plans over the next five or six years.Obviously, managers need budget every year for the next years’ plan for the company and government. After that, Rolls-Royce could make decision for next step to achieve objective and even overreach the objective. †¢ Managing marketing The plans are about aerospace technologies and new nuclear power stations. These both belong to external point technology. It could develop the global marketing if these plans succe ssful. Because the plans include research program about cutting CO? emissions from aircraft and improve fuel efficiency. It is good for current situation that global warming and in short of fuel supply.Therefore, we will put the plans on the global marketing. Conclusion Rolls-Royce is a top company in the world which is built in 1904. Nowadays, the company has 4 new plans about aero-technology and nuclear power in UK. We discuss the Rolls-Royce’s organization structure & culture, change management, and other factors to analysis the company how to get the highest profits. Although it is one of the successful companies in the world, it still has some disadvantages in their organization and management. So, our view of the opinion is changing some organization and management which we suggest that Rolls-Royce could get huger of profits.Recommendations †¢ Rolls-Royce should change a more flexible structure that is the matrix structure. †¢ The company should pay more atten tion to other sections except service. (Rolls Royce: The half-year report 2009 presentation, 2009) †¢ Rolls Royce could deliver unemployed people to new plants in order to minimum the quantity of cutting employees and providing unemployment compensation to unemployed people. (Guardian, 28 July, 2009) †¢ People will be more willing to accept and implement the change if people are able to take part in planning a change. Administrator should let the staffs realize the necessity of the change and provide all of the information as much as possible. †¢ The company should change a more flexible structure that is the matrix structure. Appendices †¢ The performance of Rolls Royce is still positive in half 2009, such as in the aspects of order book, revenue, underlying profits, average net cash and payments to shareholders. [pic] †¢ Rolls Royce’s customer service is outstanding because Rolls-Royce has exactly aims of service. (Service of Rolls Royce. 2009) â₠¬ ¢ Background of change managementIt will cause the resistance when there are conflicts between organizational change and personal habits and value. Personal habit and value is formed by long-term accumulation, which is relatively difficult to change. Once the organizational change impacts personal habit and value, there would be the cause resistance of change. †¢ The â€Å"human side† of Change management Any major changes will have the problem of people. The new managers will be promoted; jobs will be change, staffs need to learn new skills and improve capabilities. If the manager acts against each other, the morale of staff and the ultimate effect will be affected. Evaluate the culture of company With Successful enterprise change management from top to bottom, it will gradually enhance the implementation of the speed and strength. Therefore, it is very important for leaders of every level to understand and lead corporate culture. Enterprises always make mistakes that assessment the culture of enterprise too late or never. A thorough assessment of corporate culture can help to evaluate whether the changes for the upcoming fully prepared to identify the main issues and clear internal conflicts. References Alan, J. 2008. The independent: Top UK firms announce hundreds of job cuts.Available at: Boddy, D. (2008) Management: An introduction, Essex: Pearson Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD. Published by Authenticity Consulting, LLC, 2000. . Copyright 1997-2008. Available at: David, G and Stanley, B. 2003. Quality Management: Introduction to Total Quality Management for Production, Processing, and services. Boston P. 153 Earth Times. 2009. Rolls-Royce shines with increased 2008 profit amid gloom. Available at: Falkirk Council. 2004. Available at: Graeme. W, Guardian, 28 July, 2009. Rolls-Royce announces ? 300m UK factory plan, Available at: Rolls Royce: Engaging employee. 2009.Available at: Rolls Royce: services. 2009. Available at: Stephen P. Robbins, Manage ment 9th Edition, P263. Rolls-Royce, management Available at: T. A. Heppenheimer, 2008, Rolls-Royce and Its Aircraft Engines, available at : Times Online 2009. Brown in charge of a dysfunctional Government, says top donor, Available at: TimesOnline. 2009. Rolls-Royce to cut 2,300 white-collar jobs. Available at: The half-year report 2009 presentation and appendices. Available at: John P. Kotter and Leonard A. Schlesinger, 1979, Adapted reprinted by permission of Harvard Business Review, Six Method for Dealing with Change.

CE Student Recounts the Different Faces of His Life Essay

Life as a student, a working student to be exact, is but a small part of my world since there are more things that give color into my life. My relationships with my family, friends, and well girlfriend to be are the other spices of my life. I enjoy doing my hobbies, too. Cheers for I will be a civil engineering graduate on fall of 2009 in the University of Austin. After graduation, I will try to get an internship in the city to add credentials in my resume. I plan to go to graduate school next. Like I said, I am a working student. I work as a handyman in Four Leaf Tower. Also during weekends, I work as a security in one of city towers. When I finish college, I will be the best civil engineer in the whole wide world. My family is valuable to me. Though I don’t see them often, last time was 3 years ago, I love them so much. They will come to visit me. We plan to go to LA to visit my grandmother. You might want to know, I have an older brother and sister. My brother is a professional civil engineer while my sister is a fourth grade teacher. Hanging out with friends is one thing I definitely enjoy. Recently, my friends and I went to Corpus Christi. We stayed there for 5 days. There we had a lot of fun time together engaging in different activities like swimming, fishing, and eating barbecues! I’m a bit timid when it comes to girls. So I rarely go out to date someone.   It’s nerve-wracking for me to approach women. But very recently, I had a date and I think we will be meeting again. We really had a nice conversation. I love to cook, go out fishing, and read books. I had a Turkish dish called Donar the last time I cooked for a friend. Galveston is a great place to fish. This is where my friends and I hang out to fish. During free time, cool books are my amigos.

Effects of Noontime Shows in Philippine Economy and Filipino Families Essay

Since television came out in the Philippines in the 1950s, it has become â€Å"the most accessible and most influential medium to the society† (SEECTV, 2012). The television has become such an integral part of homes in the modern world that it is hard to imagine life without television. Not just for entertainment value, but TV is also a valuable resource for advertising and different kinds of programming (Jezek Geno, 2014). The TV affects many lives of Filipino people. One’s perception, attitude, and behaviour in politics, education, health, economics, and the like are also affected. No matter how old you are, TVs are powerful in affecting one’s life either positive or negative or even in both aspects. One that affects much in the Filipino society and economy are the noontime shows. Most noontime shows are classified as game shows or variety shows. According to a research conducted by Second Year – BS Accountancy students that its effects to the Filipino families have constantly been very influential on the values of numerous Filipinos. These variety shows are entertaining, touching, and helping the lives of the Filipinos by their segments that exhibit humorous acts and taglines, their grand prizes that turn lots of Filipinos to millionaires and their other segments that help out many unfortunate Filipino families. Not just the Filipino society and families, but noontime shows also affect the Philippine economy. Philippine economy is concern about these noontime shows because these things either will result with positive or negative outcomes – the state of economy is dependent to its people. Unhealthy people will surely have a poor economy. It was also said that shows are under competition with the other shows where Philippine economy is concerned about and to its effects to the Filipino families where they are trying to take something to catch people’s attention. The Philippine economy with its noontime shows has its benefits. The bigger rating the show, the more opportunities of money to circulate. Most especially when the shows are shown outside the country, the rating would probably get higher and higher even to the countries outside Philippines. Noontime game shows have showcased two sets of audiences the balikbayan mostly women with their foreign husbands – the HAVES. The other side would be of course the HAVE NOTS that comprises the marginalized whose professions ranges from balut vendors, takatak cigarette boys, the dyaryo boteros and the palenkeras. This noontime show scenario only says one thing: there is more money and opportunity abroad. Generally, the atmosphere imbibes their audience to have a mindset that joining the game, coming to the studio as contestant or just merely watching it would improve one’s life (Jethernandez, 2008). These noontime shows also help the Philippine economy, specifically for a high rating of tourists who visit the country. Like the twin segments entitled You’re My Foreignoy and You’re My Foreignay in the Philippine noontime show, Eat Bulaga in GMA – 7. It brings to light its significance as not only a mass cultural reference but also in terms of questioning the parameters of belonging in a foreign culture and the extent of being able to become a part of a national history (Juntado, 2014). In the noontime shows that have been practically taken over by all kinds of palaro, money is being made for the program’s producers even as it is being given away. In these shows, most of their sponsors do not only place ads, but are also allotted space on the stage for their banners and have their names said aloud several times by the program hosts. But there’s the rub; in the old noontime shows, for example, much of the fun was provided by professional entertainers who sang and danced or put on skits. The few contests the programs had usually showcased a particular skill or talent — say singing or debating — and people clapped when participants were finally rewarded their well-deserved prizes (Lorenzo, 2008). Noontime shows also affect the economy when some idiotic, cheap, nonsense noontime shows were shown where people make idiots of themselves. They only show what the people want to see and not what they need to see (Func, 2015). They exploit women and insult people’s intelligence. Sometimes these shows often showed lack of respect towards others. Severe lack of common sense is what most Pinoys need to really work on – the ability to question and think first. If the show easily falls prey to even the typical â€Å"kwentong barbero† or â€Å"tsismis† around, how about the shows they watch every day? (Func, 2015). Filipinos are not dumb and senseless not to realize that they are wasting their time watching nonsense, useless, noontime shows. Instead of finding some fun in watching these shows, they will just rather take a rest and nap. These three big noontime shows affect much in the Filipino society, culture and the economy either good or bad or both. Two of these are still airing in these present times. The longest noontime show in the Philippine television is the Eat Bulaga, first aired by Radio Philippines Network or RPN 9 on July 30, 1979. The program’s original core consisted of the comic trio, Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, and Joey de Leon (TVJ). This noontime show has become a showbiz institution. Eat Bulaga has time and again defied the changing seasons, shifting trends, stiff competition, and a slew of cast changes for 35 years (GMA News, 2007). The show is still on air up until now on channel GMA – 7. It’s Showtime (formerly known as Showtime) is a Philippine noontime musical variety show broadcast on ABS-CBN. The show is also broadcast worldwide through The Filipino Channel. On October 24, 2009, Showtime premiered as a morning program, airing before the network’s noontime shows, which served as the replacement of Pilipinas, Game KNB? The original cast consisted of Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Kim Atienza, Jugs Jugueta and Teddy Corpuz, and Vice Ganda as the permanent judge. It’s Showtime has been airing since 2012. Wowowillie was a Philippine noontime variety show aired by TV5, The show premiered on January 26, 2013, and was broadcast live from TV5’s Delta Studio in Quezon City, with its main host and producer, Willie Revillame. The show earned the distinction of being the only noontime program to have a Strong Parental Guidance rating from the MTRCB, which was imposed due to the dancers’ provocative outfits. In September 2013, Revillame admitted in an interview that the show’s ratings â€Å"fell below expectations†, and contemplated on a possible cancellation. The show aired its final episode on October 12, 2013, six months after its debut. It was replaced by Sine Ko 5ingko Hapon on weekdays and Sabado Sinerama on Saturdays. Filipinos are known to be really innately happy but it takes a lot to make them genuinely laugh. So variety shows at noontime are very entertaining to some. Some Filipinos would say that shows at noontime are very eye-catching and also called as palaman during the lunch time. When talking about Filipino kids, some shows would probably be unhealthy to the ages such as those in the very young age where Movie and Television Review and Classification. Board (MTRCB) is concerned of. There are variety shows which are suspended due to some violations regarding in catching up viewers where people at very young age are subjected to not see or hear some actions on the shows which is not healthy at their age. Like the Wowowee where Pinoy migrants who hold get-togethers with fellow Pinoys often congregate around a television set that has The Filipino Channel (TFC) in order to watch the show and get their kids learning to dance to the Ocho-ocho, Spaghetti Song, and other sexually-explicit and unfit-for-public-broadcast crass embarrassments to Filipino identity that very often get criticized by non-Filipinos. Those immigrant Filipino communities are just small microcosms of what goes on in the teeming squatter colonies and shanty-towns all throughout the country, where birthday parties of little girls aged 5, 6, 7, or older are celebrated with the same sexually-explicit songs and dances popularized on the noontime shows (Correct Philippines, 2015) thus, not a healthy developmental milestone. Also, any kind of shows would be inappropriate when taking so long to watch especially to kids where their diet would be very affected. It is noon and the time to eat their lunch. Some children forgot to eat their foods and according to research, there is a rising case of obesity. One study showed that although there was no increase in exercise levels, relative body mass index was lowered because the children snacked less, lowering their average consumption by 100 calories per day (Guballa, 2008). Noontime shows also affect the exercise level of the individual when really focused. Some also, specifically at young ages are reading less and poor in focusing. In the same study, it was found that boys and girls with bedroom TV sets spent less time reading than others (Guballa, 2008). Furthermore, George Gerbner stated that television also have the powers to cultivate beliefs and values through the constructs‘occurrence in television shows. In his theory â€Å"The Mean World Syndrome†, he identified two types of viewers; the heavy and light. The heavy viewer‘s repetitive and hefty exposure to the same kind of information increases the probability of being affected by the show‘s content (Littlejohn, 2008). With this, a belief system about a certain topic is cultivated on the audience. This can be amplified through the process of resonance where the audience‘s view, based from television consumption, is amplified by her/his personal experiences that are aligned with the view (University of Twente). In the process, the Mean World Syndrome would be an outlook of how the world is generally perceived as a mean environment, due to the cultivation of violence among the heavy- viewing audiences. This hence creates a scary view of world. With resonance, a coincidence of an audience‘s personal experience with the prevailing view of the world would make the world even scarier. The theory also states how TV viewing leads to learning of incidental information based on the focus, involvement, capacity of the audience, or the nature of viewing. This would lead to construction of their social reality as amplified by their personal interaction and experiences in the real world (University of Twente). In contrast, noontime variety shows are not just as an entertainment to Filipinos but also an instrument to some for them to stand up, especially with their game, segments, and they give opportunities to the people in need for them to cope up with a circle of life. They had also segments promoting a game. Noontime shows also helped people to show, to develop, and to enhance their different talents and skills. Just like in Xavier University â€Å"With It’s Showtime’s great influence and exposure to Filipino viewers, XUFD 2014 also had a comical adaptation of the said noontime show and organized its very own talent competition dubbed â€Å"X-Ur show, X-Ur time, It’s XU- Time. The competition was participated in by six talented groups vying to become XU-Time’s grand winner. † (Magallanes, 2014). Noontime shows way back was a battleground for a spelling contest for elementary and high school students. Like the â€Å"IQ-7, a quiz show that was part of GMA-7’s Student Canteen in the ‘80s, in which contestants really used their brains (Lorenzo, 2008). Some shows were the Mathtinik, Sineskwela, and more. The noontime shows make the Filipino families feel relax that the only way to help them forget about their problems are to be entertained. Help relieve persistent feelings of depression or general sadness. It is like their relieving stress to avoid the perceived unpleasant or banal aspects of daily life. A post on Tumblr from â€Å"Filipino Culture† that noontime shows help the family to bond and laugh together while watching these noontime shows. These improve family ties and helps in tightening the bond of Filipino families. These shows are a proof that Filipinos are standing together, although not all are fortunate to be chosen. According to some Filipinos, they also get some lessons. The Filipino rendition of a successful noontime show doesn’t really have any synonymity with the Western take on the variety or game show. It focuses on the individual, talents, and wit; if ever there would be any games, they are more often both substance and vehicle for a political economy of emotions. The objective of the Filipino noontime show is to be, to an extent; personal with those it places its attention on (Juntado, 2014).

The More Important Consequence Of The Printing Press

The most important consequence of the printing press was the spread of know welled. Knowledge is one of the greatest aspects of power. Before Gutenberg invent ion of the printing press, other things had to be developed first. Language, writing hirer glyphs, the alphabet and then printing. Scribes would write a book by hand from the dicta action of of a scholar. Most citizens were uneducated while few actually had an education. Handwritten books were more expensive and rare so only the rich could own them. But eve en the rich were not smart enough to read books.The methods of book making were much qua kicker with the printing press and made the books cheaper and it could make more books in less time. Document one shows a group of men making a book. With uneducated men I abort was cheaper which made the price of the book decrease a lot. Because it took less time to make books, many could be produced. Without the printing press it would take year S to complete only one book. Now with th e printing press and books spreading throughout countries people are becoming more aware of what is going on around them.People are also b economy knowledgeable. In 1 500 the printing press spread to lower regions were more people lived (DOC. 2). This reflects on the Church. The Bible was the first book to be mass produced. Two hundred copies of the twofold Gutenberg Bible were printed. People could d buy the Bible and they didn't go to church anymore.

Alternatives to Incarceration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternatives to Incarceration - Assignment Example Moreover, many a time juvenile offenders get involved in violent crimes in prison facilities that curtail their capacity and potential for rehabilitation (Coyle, 2005). An alternative to incarceration pertains to any punishment that can be extended to a juvenile offender, rather than confining one to prison. Over the years the community based alternatives to juvenile incarceration have shown much promise. Community corrections happen to be one such alternative which allows the juvenile offenders to remain within the community while putting limits to their freedom and the opportunities accessible to them (Jacobson, 2005). While being in the community corrections the juvenile offenders could be extended the possibility of probation tied to varied strict and stringent requirements like reporting diligently and punctually to a probation officer, remaining confined to one’s home during specific parts of the day, staying off drugs and attending substance abuse and mental health associated programs. The community based facilities have evinced much promise going by the fact that only 8 percent of the juvenile offenders in Missouri show recidivism on ce they are admitted to the community based programs (Gottesman, 2011). Community service is one other viable option to incarcerating the juvenile offenders. Community service could also be made to be a viable condition to probation or it could be used as an alternative to paying fines (Jacobson, 2005). Since the first three years of introducing the community service alternatives, the state of Illinois has saved almost $18.7 million (Gottesman, 2011). Community service involves making the offender dedicate oneself to some sort of unpaid work or service for a nonprofit or community organization. Mental health courts and drug courts are other alternatives to juvenile incarceration. Such courts

Market Structure and the Role of Government Assignment

Market Structure and the Role of Government - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the term ‘market structures’ refers to a particular social organization which operates between buyers and clients in any given market. Others define market structures as models that govern social organization between clients and businesses in a market. Since the four market structures are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly, the characteristics of these market structures differ. In perfect structure, supply and demand as competitive market forces control prices in the market and output levels of produce rendered by competitive firms. In both perfect and monopolistic competition and structures, there are multiple participants and the commodity of trade is homogenous. Monopolistic competition is an intermediary between the two extremes that characterize monopolistic and competitive markets. Herein, there are several firms each with small proportions of market share and an extent of different iated products. These competitive firms are also price makers. In a monopoly, the product of trade is one, while in an oligopolistic market structure, a number of firms maintain control over the market share. There are neither competitors in a monopolistic market nor close substitutes for the product. In an oligopoly, there is a tendency to compete on non-pricing criteria which include advertising, gift certificates, packaging, and transportation.

Human Resource Management Portfolio Research Paper

Human Resource Management Portfolio - Research Paper Example A job analysis based on background study facilitated development of job description. A study of the company’s strategies facilitated job analysis. The company’s strategy map proved to be the most essential part of this exercise. In addition, differing views from literature added greater knowledge and reasoning to the process of creation of a job description. The end result emerged as a detailed job description that highlights all key responsibility areas and essential skills required for the role. Based on these details, qualifications and experience needed for the role are identified. Overall, this effort has shed much light on the significance of human resources in organizational sustenance and growth; this process clarified the strategic link between job analysis, performance management and organizational sustenance. Table of Contents Content Page Section 1. Introduction 5 1.1. Job in context: Store manager at Tesco 5 1.2. Strategic position of Store manager at Tesco 5 Section 2. Job analysis 6 2.1. Job analysis for Store manager at Tesco 6 2.2 Job analysis method: Review of background records 7 2.3. Job analysis and organizational sustenance 11 Section 3. ... Link between Job Analysis and other management functions 11 Figure 4. Job Characteristics Model 12 Figure 5. Selection process at Tesco 16 Figure 6. Link between JD and performance management 17 List of Appendices Appendix 1: Job description for Store Manager, Tesco 21 Appendix 2: Job Advert – Store Manager, Tesco 23 List of Abbreviations HRM: Human resources management HR: Human resources JD: Job description Section 1. Introduction 1.1. Job in context: Store manager at Tesco. This discussion builds a portfolio for the manager’s position in a retail supermarket. The concerned workplace is the renowned supermarket Tesco, which is one of the top 3 supermarkets in the world. Tesco is about a hundred year-old multi-dimensional business that originated in the United Kingdom as a small retail shop. Tesco has its presence in more than 10 countries and employs about half a million people across the globe. Moreover, Tesco’s growth is not limited to retail groceriesâ€℠¢ sector but has invaded numerous other business areas such as investment, information technology, communications, petrochemical products, food, clothing, consumer electronics, telecommunications etc (McLoughlin & Aaker, 2010). With such vast business, Tesco operates based on systematic and planned strategy throughout the world. Its strategies invade every aspect of its widely diverse business operations including finance, production, service, retail, learning, customer service, and logistics. This report specifically evaluates the role of a team manager in the retail sector of Tesco, which is planning to open its new branch in Vietnam. This role is mainly responsible for store operations on a day-to-day basis along with management of a team of store representatives and their supervisors. 1.2.

Write about two sociological variables race and animal abuse Essay

Write about two sociological variables race and animal abuse - Essay Example Hypothesis 1. The ethnicity or race of an individual may or may not have an effect on their propensity to abuse or not abuse animals. To prove or disprove this initial hypothesis, it would be necessary to select an equal group of individuals from every possible racial background. For example, 25 men and 25 women between the ages of twenty and forty would be selected from each racial background. These groups would include Caucasian, African American, Latino and Asian. These groups would all be blind to what the study was about. The groups would be kept separate by race and monitored in a facility for one week. Each individual would be placed with a dog. Each individual would be monitored for the duration of the week. The dogs would also be monitored. At the end of the week, the following would be determined: The behavior of the dog as compared to the behavior at the beginning of the week; the number of times each person fed, watered, petted or spent time with the dog (walking the dog etc); and of course any abuse or neglect would be determined. The possible problems with this study would be age variation in the individuals as a possible factor, whether or not each person was a "dog" person or not, whether or not the person avoided displaying abusive behavior due to feeling "watched" or observed. Possible challenges for this particular method of study might include the fact that there are several variables within the study such as both women and men. The question of whether or not males are more likely to abuse animals as opposed to females could be posed. Another variable to consider is whether the individuals in the study had been abused as children as this may play in to their tendency to be abusive as adults. Also, the fact that this study is not being conducted on a large scale may be a challenging factor. However, the relatively small size of the groups should keep costs low and should therefore be within reach. Finally, religious background could be a variable not foreseen or considered. If an individual is of Hindu faith, they will revere animals as much as human life and therefore possibly be that much less susceptible to abusive behavior towards animals. A solution to this variable dilemma may be to only select individuals of non religion. If individuals have no religious beliefs, this may even out the subjects that are being studied, that much more. Other religions, such as Santeria customarily perform animal sacrifice and therefore may view animals in a less than ethical way. Hypothesis 2. The occurrence of domestic violence and animal abuse may be correlated. If domestic abuse is more prominent in a particular race, then animal abuse must also be. "Shelter women were more likely to report that their partners had threatened to hurt their pets" (Ascione, Weber, Wood, 1997). In order to conduct a study to explore this hypothesis, one would have to narrow down the study to either domestic abusers or victims of domestic abuse" In recent years the link between animal cruelty and family violence has captured the attention of sociologists, psychologists, criminologists, and lawmakers" (Faver, Strand, 2003). The best way to go about this study would be to work within roughly 4 women's shelters. These shelters would need to be a good distance apart from one another in order to broaden the demographics of the study. Once gaining permission from the shelter and its residence, one would need to